Humans and animals use mental representations of the spatial structure of the world to
navigate. The classical view is that these representations take the form of Euclidean …

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) creates a neural representation of space through a set
of functionally dedicated cell types: grid cells, border cells, head direction cells, and speed …

The hippocampal formation is critically involved in learning and memory and contains a
large proportion of neurons encoding aspects of the organism's spatial surroundings. In the …

While extensive research on the neurophysiology of spatial memory has been carried out in
rodents, memory research in humans had traditionally focused on more abstract, language …

Spatial navigation has received much attention from neuroscientists, leading to the
identification of key brain areas and the discovery of numerous spatially selective cells …

Environmental boundaries anchor cognitive maps that support memory. However,
trapezoidal boundary geometry distorts the regular firing patterns of entorhinal grid cells …

Recent evidence suggests that mesoscopic neural oscillations measured via intracranial
electroencephalography exhibit spatial representations, which were previously only …

Connectivity studies in animals form the basis for a representational view of medial temporal
lobe (MTL) subregions. In this view, distinct subfields of the entorhinal cortex (EC) relay …

A central question in neuroscience and psychology is how the mammalian brain represents
the outside world and enables interaction with it. Significant progress on this question has …

Path integration is a spatial navigation ability that requires the integration of information
derived from self-motion cues and stable landmarks, when available, to return to a previous …