If we restrict the use of Homo sapiens in the fossil record to specimens which share a
significant number of derived features in the skeleton with extant H. sapiens, the origin of our …

Earth's tropical and subtropical rainbands, such as Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZs)
and monsoons, are complex systems, governed by both large‐scale constraints on the …

The behavioral origins of Homo sapiens can be traced back to the first material culture
produced by our species in Africa, the Middle Stone Age (MSA). Beyond this broad …

Humans evolved in a patchwork of semi-connected populations across Africa,;
understanding when and how these groups connected is critical to interpreting our present …

During glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, an abundance of proxy data demonstrates
the existence of large and repeated millennial-scale warming episodes, known as …

Abstract Changes in the magnitude of millennial-scale climate variability (MCV) during the
Late Pleistocene occur as a function of changing background climate state over tens of …

The genus Homo evolved during the Pleistocene—an epoch of gradual cooling and
amplification of glacial cycles. The changing climates influenced early human survival …

Africa's Middle Stone Age (MSA) may have lasted almost half a million years, but its earliest
expression is not yet well understood. The MSA is best known for innovations that appear in …

Monsoon has earned increasing attention from the climate community since the last century,
yet only recently have regional monsoons been recognized as a global system. It remains a …

The later Pleistocene archaeological record of southernmost Africa encompasses several
Middle Stone Age industries and the transition to the Later Stone Age. Through this period …