Determining the spatial relations between objects is a primary function of a geographic
information system (GIS). One important aspect of spatial relations is topological relations …

The Encyclopedia of Image Processing presents a vast collection of well-written articles
covering image processing fundamentals (eg color theory, fuzzy sets, cryptography) and …

CityGML, as the standard for the representation and exchange of 3D city models, contains
rich information in terms of geometry, semantics, topology and appearance. With respect to …

Topological relations are the predominant backbone of qualitative spatial reasoning,
focusing to date mostly on objects that are embedded in R 2. With the advent of ball-shaped …

Spatial regions are a fundamental abstraction of geographic phenomena. While simple
regions—disk-like and simply connected—prevail, in partitions complex configurations with …

Topological relations between directed line segments (DLs) may contribute to queries and
analyses related to noninstantaneous phenomena whose position changes over time …

Representing the topological relations between directed spatial objects has gained
increasing attention in recent years. Although topological relations between directed lines …

A topological relation may be described by different words, and the significance of
topological relation models lies in clarifying the semantics of topological relations among …

Although the definitions of formal models used to represent spatial relations have gained
increasing attention over the past 30 years, the linkage between topology and distance has …

The world of spatial information has been painstakingly studied over the past forty years
and, for the attainment of compact and meaningful systems, split into a triumvirate of …