This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry, tracing the progression from
traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant …

Climate change mitigation scenarios that meet the Paris Agreement's objective of limiting
global warming usually assume an important role for carbon dioxide removal and negative …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Previous evaluations on the biophysical potential of forest carbon sink have focused on
forestation area distribution and the associated carbon stock for equilibrium-state forests …

Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and
climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system. Remote-sensing estimates to …

A comprehensive quantification of global forest fragmentation is urgently required to guide
forest protection, restoration and reforestation policies. Previous efforts focused on the static …

Multispecies tree planting has long been applied in forestry and landscape restoration in the
hope of providing better timber production and ecosystem services; however, a systematic …

Grasslands are under severe threat from ongoing degradation, undermining their capacity to
support biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Yet, grasslands are largely …

Abstract China has 6.6 million km2 of drylands that support approximately 580 million
people. These drylands are at risk of desertification. In this Review, the changes observed in …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …