Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal metabolism and xenobiotic
exposure, and depending on their concentration, ROS can be beneficial or harmful to cells …

l-Arginine is involved in many different biological processes and recent reports indicate that
it could also play a crucial role in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the …

In a healthy body, ROS (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants remain in balance. When
the balance is disrupted towards an overabundance of ROS, oxidative stress (OS) occurs …

Free radicals are ubiquitous in our body and are generated by normal physiological
processes, including aerobic metabolism and inflammatory responses, to eliminate invading …

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated endogenously or in response to
environmental stress have long been implicated in tissue injury in the context of a variety of …

Gallium (Ga) compounds, as the source of Ga ions (Ga3+), have been historically used as
anti-inflammatories. Currently, the widely accepted mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory …

During apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP) increases and the release
into the cytosol of pro-apoptotic factors (procaspases, caspase activators and caspase …

Chronic inflammation plays a multifaceted role in carcinogenesis. Mounting evidence from
preclinical and clinical studies suggests that persistent inflammation functions as a driving …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the
world. It is a complicated pathological process that consists of primary insults and a …

Intracellular pH (pH i) has an important role in the maintenance of normal cell function, and
hence this parameter has to be tightly controlled within a narrow range, largely through the …