Cells are highly organized objects containing millions of molecules. Each biomolecule has a
specific shape in order to interact with others in the complex machinery. Spatial dynamics …

Motivation: Cellular signal transduction involves spatial–temporal dynamics and often
stochastic effects due to the low particle abundance of some molecular species. Others can …

Studying spatial effects in signal transduction, such as co-localization along scaffold
molecules, comes at a cost of complexity. In this paper, we propose a coarse-grained …