Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis.
TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects …

Renal fibrosis, particularly tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the common final outcome of almost
all progressive chronic kidney diseases. Renal fibrosis is also a reliable predictor of …

Certain macrophage phenotypes contribute to tissue fibrosis, but why? Tissues host resident
mononuclear phagocytes for their support to maintain homeostasis. Upon injury the …

Background Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications in patients with
diabetes. At present, there are no satisfactory treatments available for diabetic nephropathy …

Diabetic nephropathy is a well-known complication of diabetes and is a leading cause of
chronic renal failure in the Western world. It is characterized by the accumulation of …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7), two key
members in the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in CKDs (chronic kidney …

Background Although diabetic kidney disease demonstrates both familial clustering and
single nucleotide polymorphism heritability, the specific genetic factors influencing risk …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and affects a large
number of individuals with diabetes. However, the development of specific treatments for DN …

Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is
causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive …