Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the
M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a 0.5–1 µm wide, 2–4 µm long, short helical, S-shaped
Gram-negative microorganism. It is mostly found in the pyloric region of the stomach and …

Human in vitro generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and macrophages are
used clinically, eg, to induce immunity against cancer. However, their physiological …

The human gut microbiota are critical for preserving the health status because they are
required for digestion and nutrient acquisition, the development of the immune system, and …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is perhaps the most ubiquitous and successful human
pathogen, since it colonizes the stomach of more than half of humankind. Infection with this …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common bacterial infection worldwide.
Persistent infection of the gastric mucosa leads to inflammatory processes and may remain …

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. A
growing body of evidence indicates that inflammation is closely associated with the initiation …

Highlights•H. pylori is a master influencer of the cell-autonomous immune response.•The H.
pylori Cag type 4 secretion system injects proteins and metabolites.•Bacterial heptose …

Background & Aims Loss of parietal cells causes the development of spasmolytic
polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) through transdifferentiation of chief cells. In the …

Infection with H. pylori induces chronic gastric inflammation, progressing to peptic ulcer and
stomach adenocarcinoma. Macrophages function as innate immune cells and play a vital …