Numerous observational studies have suggested that there is a correlation between the
level of serum vitamin D and MS risk and disease activity. To explore this hypothesis, a …

Background Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, but some groups are at greater
risk. We aim to evaluate vitamin D levels in different occupations and identify groups …

Objective: The objective was to provide guidelines to clinicians for the evaluation, treatment,
and prevention of vitamin D deficiency with an emphasis on the care of patients who are at …

In conjunction with the classical functions of regulating intestinal, bone, and kidney calcium
and phosphorus absorption, as well as bone mineralization of vitamin D, the population …

The epidemic scourge of rickets in the 19th century was caused by vitamin D deficiency due
to inadequate sun exposure and resulted in growth retardation, muscle weakness, skeletal …

Context: Vitamin D receptors are found in most tissues, not just those participating in the
classic actions of vitamin D such as bone, gut, and kidney. These nonclassic tissues are …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are multi-functional peptides whose fundamental biological
role in vivo has been proposed to be the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms …

A new class of inflammatory CD4+ T cells that produce interleukin-17 (IL-17)(termed Th17)
has been identified, which plays a critical role in numerous inflammatory conditions and …

In recent years, vitamin D has been received increased attention due to the resurgence of
vitamin D deficiency and rickets in developed countries and the identification of extraskeletal …

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Clifford J. Rosen, MD, Maine Medical Center Research Institute,
Scarborough, Maine SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Juliet E. Compston, MD, FRCP …