Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous
and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic …

Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that
maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting …

Organelles compartmentalize eukaryotic cells, enhancing their ability to respond to
environmental and developmental changes. One way in which organelles communicate and …

Calcium is used in many cellular processes and is maintained within the cell as free calcium
at low concentrations (approximately 100 nM), compared with extracellular (millimolar) …

TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA binding protein involved in
RNA-related metabolism. Hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43 deposits act as …

Abstract Calcium ions (Ca2+) are some of the most versatile signalling molecules, and they
have many physiological functions, prominently including muscle contraction, neuronal …

Over the past decade, it has become clear that lipid homeostasis is central to cellular
metabolism. Lipids are particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) where …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

In heart failure, alterations of Na+ and Ca2+ handling, energetic deficit, and oxidative stress
in cardiac myocytes are important pathophysiological hallmarks. Mitochondria are central to …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterised by the progressive loss of motor neurons in
the brain and spinal cord. This neurodegenerative syndrome shares pathobiological …