For analysis of greenhouse environments using big data, measuring data should be
continuously collected without data loss caused by sensing and networking problems …

Plant structure is a significant factor for influencing the light interception and photosynthesis
of plants. The light interception on the plant surface can be analyzed by three-dimensional …

Canopy architecture determines the light distribution and light interception in the canopy.
Reasonable sha** and pruning can optimize tree structure; maximize the utilization of …

Good lighting designs can establish suitable light environments in plant factories with
artificial light (PFALs). This study used optical simulations to investigate the effects of lighting …

Diffuse fraction, which can be increased by using diffuse films, has been considered to
influence light interception and photosynthesis of crops in greenhouses. However …

In plant factories, light is fully controllable for crop production but involves a cost. For efficient
lighting, light use efficiency (LUE) should be considered as part of light environment design …

Lighting is a major component of energy consumption in controlled environment agriculture
(CEA) operations. Skyscraper farms (multilevel production in buildings with transparent …

Vertical farming (VF) is an emerging cultivation frame that maximizes total plant production.
However, the high energy-consuming artificial light sources for plants growing in the lower …

Studying the detailed organization of plant canopy structure allows a better understanding of
functional processes in functional-structural plant models (FSPM). Canopy gap fraction …

Determine the level of significance of planting strategy and plant architecture and how they
affect plant physiology and dry matter accumulation within greenhouses is essential to …