The last decade has witnessed considerable interest in the investigation of the affective
dimensions of learning and in the development of advanced learning technologies that …

Learning involves a rich array of cognitive and affective states. Recognizing and
understanding these cognitive and affective dimensions of learning is key to designing …

Quantitative Field Observations (QFOs) of student behaviors and affective states in
classroom environments. Formerly known as the Baker Rodrigo Observation Method …

Folk wisdom holds that being confused is detrimental to learning. However, research on
emotions and learning suggest a somewhat more complex relationship between confusion …

Serious games are steadily becoming a powerful tool for educational purposes as their
challenging characteristics are suggested to make them particularly appealing to learn with …

Cognitive disequilibrium and its affiliated affective state of confusion have been found to
positively correlate with learning, presumably due to the effortful cognitive activities that …

Research on incidence of and changes in confusion during complex learning and problem-
solving calls for advanced methods of confusion detection in digital learning environments …

Recent years have seen a growing recognition of the central role of affect and motivation in
learning. In particular, nonverbal behaviors such as posture and gesture provide key …

Supporting learning with rich natural language dialogue has been the focus of increasing
attention in recent years. Many adaptive learning environments model students' natural …

As the progressive ladder for human society, education aims at ensuring cultural heritage
and social development. More importantly, it may inspire human imagination. In this sense …