The biological pump transports organic matter, created by phytoplankton productivity in the
well-lit surface ocean, to the ocean's dark interior, where it is consumed by animals and …

One pathway of the biological pump that remains largely unquantified in many export
models is the active transport of carbon from the surface ocean to the mesopelagic by …

Every night across the world's oceans, numerous marine animals arrive at the surface of the
ocean to feed on plankton after an upward migration of hundreds of metres. Just before …

Diurnal vertical migration (DVM) of marine organisms is an ubiquitous phenomenon in the
ocean that generates an active vertical transport of organic matter. However, the magnitude …

Many predator species make regular excursions from near-surface waters to the twilight
(200 to 1,000 m) and midnight (1,000 to 3,000 m) zones of the deep pelagic ocean. While …

Large predators frequent the open ocean where subsurface light drives visually based
trophic interactions. However, we lack knowledge on how predators achieve energy balance …

Many zooplankton and fishes vertically migrate on a diel cycle to avoid predation, moving
from their daytime residence in darker, deep waters to prey-rich surface waters to feed at …

Mesoscale eddies play a key role in structuring open ocean ecosystems, affecting the entire
trophic web from primary producers to large pelagic predators including sharks and …

The complex interplay of biological and physical mechanisms comprising the ocean's
biological carbon pump has not been well characterized to date, due to the difficulty of …

Growth and survival of larval fishes is highly variable and unpredictable. Our limited
understanding of this variation constrains our ability to forecast population dynamics and …