Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

Numerous mitochondrial constituents and metabolic products can function as damage-
associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and promote inflammation when released into the …

According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial
endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼ 16 kb …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that
infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive …

Mitophagy is a vital form of autophagy for selective removal of dysfunctional or redundant
mitochondria. Accumulating evidence implicates elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria …

Mitochondria have a central role in regulating a range of cellular activities and host
responses upon bacterial infection. Multiple pathogens affect mitochondria dynamics and …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)—which is well known for its role in oxidative phosphorylation
and maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases—is increasingly recognized as an agonist …

Inflammasomes are multimeric complexes formed in response to a variety of physiological
and pathogenic stimuli. Inflammasome activation is an essential component of the innate …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are integral components of multiple cellular pathways even
though excessive or inappropriately localized ROS damage cells. ROS function as anti …

Inflammasomes are newly recognized, vital players in innate immunity. The best
characterized is the NLRP3 inflammasome, so-called because the NLRP3 protein in the …