This article provides an overview of the impacts of climate change stressors (temperature,
ocean acidification, sea-level rise, and hypoxia) on estuarine and marine biota (algae …

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO 3 formed by three main
elements: carbon, oxygen, and calcium. It is a common substance found in rocks in all parts …

Ocean acidification (OA) is altering the chemistry of the world's oceans at rates unparalleled
in the past roughly 1 million years. Understanding the impacts of this rapid change in …

As the oceans absorb anthropogenic CO2 they become more acidic, a problem termed
ocean acidification (OA). Since this increase in CO2 is occurring rapidly, OA may have …

'Multiple drivers'(also termed 'multiple stressors') is the term used to describe the cumulative
effects of multiple environmental factors on organisms or ecosystems. Here, we consider …

Continued anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are acidifying our oceans, and
hydrogen ion concentrations in surface oceans are predicted to increase 150% by 2100 …

Ocean acidification, rising temperatures, and increased intensity of rain events are occurring
due to climate change. Individually, each of these stressors has the potential to influence the …

In the past decade, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill triggered a spike in investigatory effort on
the effects of crude oil chemicals, most notably polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), on …

The negative impacts of ocean warming and acidification on bivalve fisheries are well
documented but few studies investigate parameters relevant to energy budgets and larval …

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have been rising during the past century,
leading to ocean acidification (OA). Coastal and estuarine habitats experience annual pH …