Mammalian studies have shaped our understanding of the endocrine control of appetite and
body weight in vertebrates and provided the basic vertebrate model that involves central …

Puberty comprises the transition from an immature juvenile to a mature adult state of the
reproductive system, ie the individual becomes capable of reproducing sexually for the first …

The regulation of food intake in fish is a complex process carried out through several
different mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) with hypothalamus being the …

In mammals, ghrelin is a non-amidated peptide hormone, existing in both acylated and non-
acylated forms, produced mainly from the X/A or ghrelin cells present in the mucosal layer of …

Motilin, produced in endocrine cells in the mucosa of the upper intestine, is an important
regulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and mediates the phase III of interdigestive …

The energy balance of vertebrates is regulated by the difference in energy input and energy
expenditure. Generally, most vertebrates obtain their energy from nutrients of foods through …

Knowledge about the endocrine regulation of energy balance in fish is of interest for basic
as well as aquaculture research. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that was first identified in fish …

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been increasingly manufactured and thus are
increasingly detected in aquatic systems. However, there are still some overlooked factors …

Mudskippers are amphibious fishes living in mudflats and mangroves. These fishes hold air
in their large buccopharyngeal-opercular cavities where respiratory gas exchange takes …

Motilin is a hormone released by the endocrine cells of the duodenal mucosa during fasting
to stimulate gastrointestinal motility. Ghrelin, the closest family member of motilin, was …