Organelles perform critical biological functions due to their distinct molecular composition
and internal environment. Disorders in organelles or their interacting networks have been …

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful spectroscopic method for
measuring distances in the 2–8 nm range. Often, conformational changes and molecular …

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel that
regulates salt and fluid homeostasis across epithelial membranes. Alterations in CFTR …

The precise control of the artificially induced reactions inside living cells is emerging as an
effective strategy for the regulation of cell functions. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the …

In eukaryotic membranes, type IV P-type adenosine triphosphatases (P4-ATPases) mediate
the translocation of phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet and maintain lipid …

Feynman commented that “Everything that living things do can be understood in terms of the
jiggling and wiggling of atoms”. Proteins can jiggle and wiggle large structural elements …

Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) has become a mainstream technique for studying
biomolecular structural dynamics. The rapid and wide adoption of smFRET experiments by …

Advancements in nanotechnology and molecular biology have promoted the development
of a diverse range of models to intervene in various disorders (from diagnosis to treatment …

P2-type ATPase sodium-potassium pumps (Na+/K+-ATPases) are ion-transporting enzymes
that use ATP to transport Na+ and K+ on opposite sides of the lipid bilayer against their …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are molecular pumps ubiquitous across all
kingdoms of life. While their structures have been widely reported, the kinetics governing …