The cerebellar cortex is an important system for relating neural circuits and learning. Its
promise reflects the longstanding idea that it contains simple, repeated circuit modules with …

The cerebellum has long been proposed to play a role in cognitive function, although this
has remained controversial. This idea has received renewed support with the recent …

In classical cerebellar learning, Purkinje cells (PkCs) associate climbing fiber (CF) error
signals with predictive granule cells (GrCs) that were active just prior (∼ 150 ms). The …

Evidence of direct reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and basal ganglia has
challenged the long-held notion that these structures function independently. While …

The cerebellum is emerging as a powerful regulator of cognitive and affective processing
and memory in both humans and animals and has been implicated in affective disorders …

The cerebellum has a simple cytoarchitecture consisting of a folded cortex with three cell
layers that surrounds a nuclear structure housing the output neurons. The excitatory neurons …

The well-organized cerebellar structures and neuronal networks are likely crucial for their
functions in motor coordination, motor learning, cognition, and emotion. Such cerebellar …

Neurons broadcast electrical signals to distal brain regions through extensive axonal arbors.
Genetically encoded calcium sensors permit the direct observation of action potential activity …

The long-standing hypothesis that synapses between mossy fibers (MFs) and cerebellar
granule cells (GCs) are organized according to the origins of MFs and locations of GC …

The prevailing belief has been that the fundamental structures of cerebellar neuronal
circuits, consisting of a few major neuron types, are simple and well understood. Given that …