Tremendous progress has been made since Neuron published our Primer on genetic
dissection of neural circuits 10 years ago. Since then, cell-type-specific anatomical …

For over a century, the neuron doctrine—which states that the neuron is the structural and
functional unit of the nervous system—has provided a conceptual foundation for …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators, is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable monitoring of neuronal activity at
high spatial and temporal resolution. However, the utility of existing GEVIs has been limited …

We present a first-draft digital reconstruction of the microcircuitry of somatosensory cortex of
juvenile rat. The reconstruction uses cellular and synaptic organizing principles to …

Fluorescent calcium sensors are widely used to image neural activity. Using structure-based
mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we developed a family of ultrasensitive protein …

To date, brain imaging has largely relied on X-ray computed tomography and magnetic
resonance angiography, with their limited spatial resolution and long scanning times …

Since Cajal's first drawings of Golgi stained neurons, generations of researchers have been
fascinated by the small protrusions, termed spines, studding many neuronal dendrites. Most …

We describe an all-optical strategy for simultaneously manipulating and recording the
activity of multiple neurons with cellular resolution in vivo. We performed simultaneous two …

Ca 2+ imaging techniques permit time-lapse recordings of neuronal activity from large
populations over weeks. However, without identifying the same neurons across imaging …