Immunotherapy has recently garnered plenty of attention to improve the clinical outcomes in
the treatment of various diseases. However, owing to the dynamic nature of the immune …

Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are small patches containing hundreds of short projections that
deliver signals directly to dermal layers without causing pain. These technologies are of …

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) via needle-free and non-invasive drug delivery systems
is a promising approach for overcoming the current limitations of conventional parenteral …

This work explored the feasibility of using biological polysaccharide to fabricate dissolvable
microneedles (MNs) for the purpose of transdermal drug delivery and skin dendritic cell (DC) …

Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy has been practiced clinically for decades to treat
airborne allergies. Recently, the cutaneous route, which exploits the immunocompetence of …

Given the potent immunological properties of the skin, epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT)
emerges as a promising treatment approach for inducing immune tolerance, particularly for …

In vivo tracking of dendritic cell (DC) migration to the lymphatic system is essential for
evaluating the outcome of DC-based immunotherapies. Novel multimodal imaging …

Multiple vaccines can be mixed into a single combination to be a single product. However,
combination vaccines have problems of complexity. In this study, microneedles were utilized …

Many types of microneedle (MN) arrays have been tested for delivery of vaccines to the skin.
However, the effect of MN geometry/array design on antibody production is still unclear …

Background Allergic contact dermatitis (CD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused
by type 1 biased adaptive immunity for which there is an unmet need for antigen (Ag) …