Background Currently, metal implants are widely used in orthopedic surgeries, including
fracture fixation, spinal fusion, joint replacement, and bone tumor defect repair. However …

Background With increasing requirements for medical effects, and huge differences among
individuals, traditional surgical instruments are difficult to meet the patients' growing medical …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing as a powerful manufacturing platform has been
increasingly used in biomedical engineering over the past two decades. Such technologies …

Purpose Three-dimensional printing (3DP), or additive manufacturing, is an emergent
fabrication technology for surgical devices. As a production method, 3DP enables physical …

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has continued to evolve over the past few decades,
with significant advancements in technology and technical skills. From endonasal cervical …

Background Anatomy has been the cornerstone of medical education for centuries.
However, given the advances in the Internet of Things, this landscape has been augmented …

Until recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing/additive manufacturing has not been used
extensively to create medical devices intended for actual clinical use, primarily on patient …

The applications of three-dimensional printing (3DP) for clinical purposes have grown
rapidly over the past decade. Recent advances include the fabrication of patient specific …

Abstract Background Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has seen increasing interest in
surgery, where it improves the visualization of difficult anatomy in complex cases. This …

For the past 20 years, the democratization of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has
made many of us dream of: low cost, waste-free, and on-demand production of functional …