The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a species of crucial
economic, agricultural and environmental importance. In the last ten years, some regions of …

Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, their use
has grown rapidly. They are now the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, with …

The gut microbiota can have profound effects on hosts, but the study of these relationships in
humans is challenging. The specialized gut microbial community of honey bees is similar to …

BACKGROUND The species richness of wild bees and other pollinators has declined over
the past 50 years, with some species undergoing major declines and a few going extinct …

The dispersal of parasites is critical for epidemiology, and the interspecific vectoring of
parasites when species share resources may play an underappreciated role in parasite …

Microbial pathogens are thought to have a profound impact on insect populations. Honey
bees are suffering from elevated colony losses in the northern hemisphere possibly because …

Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers
published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last …

The Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, is the most important animal pollinator in agriculture
worldwide providing more than 90% of the commercial pollination services. Due to the …

Methods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and
in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine …

Worldwide, the use of managed bees for crop pollination and honey production has
increased dramatically. Concerns about the pressures of these increases on native …