This review article summarizes the current state-of-the-art for biomimicry in additive
manufacturing. Biomimicry is the practice of learning from and emulating nature-which can …

Earth has been habitable for 4.3 billion years, and the earliest rock record indicates the
presence of a microbial biosphere by at least 3.4 billion years ago—and disputably earlier …

A systematic investigation of growth in nature and society, from tiny organisms to the
trajectories of empires and civilizations. Growth has been both an unspoken and an explicit …

Abstract The Archean era (4 to 2.5 billion years ago, Ga) yielded rocks that include the
oldest conclusive traces of life as well as many controversial occurrences. Carbonaceous …

All known life forms trace back to a last universal common ancestor (LUCA) that witnessed
the onset of Darwinian evolution. One can ask questions about LUCA in various ways, the …

The conditions, timing, and setting for the origin of life on Earth and whether life exists
elsewhere in our solar system and beyond represent some of the most fundamental …

Life harnessing light energy transformed the relationship between biology and Earth—
bringing a massive flux of organic carbon and oxidants to Earth's surface that gave way to …

Recent developments in design and manufacturing have greatly expanded the design
space for functional part production by enabling control of structural details at small scales to …

Modern cells embody metabolic networks containing thousands of elements and form
autocatalytic sets of molecules that produce copies of themselves. How the first self …

The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient
metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of …