With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative
stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are …

Since the discovery of L-dopa in the middle of the 20th century (1960s), there is not any
neuroprotective therapy available although significant development has been made in the …

A targeted effort to identify novel neurotrophic factors for midbrain dopaminergic neurons
resulted in the isolation of GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) from the …

Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral
tegmental area regulate extrapyramidal movement and important cognitive functions …

NEMO is a ubiquitin-binding protein which regulates canonical NF-κB pathway activation in
innate immune signaling, cell death regulation and host-pathogen interactions. Here we …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by rapid decline of renal
function. Besides its acute consequence of high mortality, AKI has recently been recognized …

Develo** new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease requires cellular models.
Current models reproduce the two most salient changes found in the brains of patients with …

The Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic Family Ligands (GFL) are soluble neurotrophic
factors that are required for development of multiple human tissues, but which are also …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder, comprises several
pathophysiologic mechanisms including misfolded alpha‐synuclein aggregation …

Astrocytes and microglia support well-being and well-function of the brain through diverse
functions in both intact and injured brain. For example, astrocytes maintain homeostasis of …