Having been long debated, the notion of suppressor T cells—renamed regulatory T cells—is
back on the map, but many questions remain regarding the nature of these regulatory cells …

Tolerance to β cell autoantigens represents a fragile equilibrium. Autoreactive T cells
specific to these autoantigens are present in most normal individuals but are kept under …

Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, and insulin is an important target
of the autoimmune response associated with β cell destruction. The mechanism of …

Growing insight into the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and numerous studies in
preclinical models highlight the potential of antigen-specific approaches to restore tolerance …

Pancreatic islets of Langerhans are enveloped by peri-islet Schwann cells (pSC), which
express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β. pSC-autoreactive T-and B-cell …

Murine autoimmune gastritis, induced by neonatal thymectomy or the injection of CD25-
depleted lymphocytes into nu/nu recipients, is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate into …

Nearly a century has passed since the first report describing antigen-specific
immunotherapy (antigen-SIT) was published. Research into the use of antigen-SIT in the …

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are believed to trigger some cases of human type 1
diabetes (T1D), although the mechanism by which this may occur has not been shown. We …

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1% of children and has no cure.
Gastrointestinal (GI) problems are common in children with ASD, and although gut …

Autoimmunity occurs when T cells, B cells or both are inappropriately activated, resulting in
damage to one or more organ systems. Normally, high-affinity self-reactive T and B cells are …