Abstract Launched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA's Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its
scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission's primary science goal is to …

The electrons are an essential particle species in the solar wind. They often exhibit non-
equilibrium features in their velocity distribution function. These include temperature …

We utilize observations from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to study the radial evolution of the
solar wind in the inner heliosphere. We analyze electron velocity distribution functions …

Aims. We applied the quasi-thermal noise (QTN) method to Parker Solar Probe (PSP)
observations to derive the total electron temperature (T e). We combined a set of encounters …

Context. Whistler waves are electromagnetic waves produced by electron-driven
instabilities, which in turn can reshape the electron distributions via wave–particle …

Dissipative processes cause collisionless plasmas in many systems to develop non-thermal
particle distributions with broad power-law tails. The prevalence of power-law energy …

In the interplanetary space solar wind plasma, whistler waves are observed in a wide range
of heliocentric distances (from∼ 20 solar radii (RS) to Jupiter's orbit). They are known to …

We present an observational analysis of the electron thermal energy budget using data from
Parker Solar Probe. We use the macroscopic moments, obtained from our fits to the …

The nature and radial evolution of solar wind electrons in the suprathermal energy range are
studied. A wave–particle interaction tensor and a Fokker–Planck Coulomb collision operator …

Abstract Since November 2021, the Tianwen-1 mission has activated its scientific
instrument, the Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer (MINPA), to detect particles within …