BACKGROUND Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation, the reduction of atmospheric N2 to
ammonia, is important for maintaining the fertility of the oceans by providing biologically …

Abstract Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are
conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted …

Symbiotic interactions were key to the evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria organelles,
which mediate carbon and energy metabolism in eukaryotes. Biological nitrogen fixation, the …

Trace metals are required for numerous processes in phytoplankton and can influence the
growth and structure of natural phytoplankton communities. The metal contents of …

Nitrogen (N) is a key element for life in the oceans. It controls primary productivity in many
parts of the global ocean, consequently playing a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric …

Symbioses between nitrogen (N) 2–fixing prokaryotes and photosynthetic eukaryotes are
important for nitrogen acquisition in N-limited environments. Recently, a widely distributed …

Biological N2 fixation is an important part of the marine nitrogen cycle as it provides a source
of new nitrogen that can support biological carbon export and sequestration. Research in …

Discrepancies between estimates of oceanic N 2 fixation and nitrogen (N) losses through
denitrification have focused research on identifying N 2-fixing cyanobacteria and quantifying …

Marine N 2 fixing microorganisms, termed diazotrophs, are a key functional group in marine
pelagic ecosystems. The biological fixation of dinitrogen (N 2) to bioavailable nitrogen …

Abstract Microbial dinitrogen (N 2) fixation, the nitrogenase enzyme-catalysed reduction of N
2 gas into biologically available ammonia, is the main source of new nitrogen (N) in the …