This study presents the vulnerability of digital documents and its effective way to protect the
ownership and detection of unauthorized modification of multimedia data. Watermarking is …

A Viterbi Decoder (VD) is employed to decode the convolutional codes, where convolutional
codes are commonly used to encode digital data before transmission. However, there is a …

Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding and decoding are key components of wireless
communication system. Convolution error correcting codes are very efficient for correction of …

In mathematics, multiplication is the most commonly used operation. This paper explores the
design approach of a convolution encoder using booth multiplier and vedic multiplier which …

The error-correction coding is an important signal processing technique used to improve the
reliability of digital communication systems [1]. Convolutional coding/decoding technique …