The biomechanical process of childbirth is necessary to usher in new lives—but it can also
result in trauma. This physically intense process can put both the mother and the child at risk …

Vaginal childbirth is the leading cause of pelvic floor muscles injury, which contributes to
pelvic floor dysfunction, being enhanced by fetal malposition. Therefore, the aim of the …

Fetal head geometry plays an important role in the mechanics of childbirth during the
second stage labour. Large heads have been shown to be associated with difficult and …

From ovulation to delivery, and through the menstrual cycle, the female reproductive system
undergoes many dynamic changes to provide an optimal environment for the embryo to …

The development of the maternal pelvis model including a detailed foetal model with
articulated joints is of great clinical relevance. The objective of the present study is to …

Vaginal delivery is the primary cause of levator ani muscle injury, which is in turn the leading
factor contributing to pelvic floor disorders including pelvic organ prolapse and urinary stress …

The vaginal birth is the leading cause of pelvic floor muscle injuries compromising its
function, which can lead to pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, and other pelvic …

The levator ani (LA) muscles play an important role in pelvic floor function. With the aid of
computer models and mechanics simulations, the injury mechanism of LA muscles can be …

This chapter introduces applications of pelvic floor modeling, significant advancements that
have been made in the field, and the caveats that still need to be applied before …

Approximately 0.5 million deaths during childbirth occur annually, as reported by the World
Health Organization (WHO). One prominent cause is complicated obstructed labor, also …