E. coli is most preferred system used for the production of recombinant proteins in bacteria
and the availability of improved genetic tools/methods are making it more valuable than …

Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer,
the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in …

Determining the subcellular localization of a protein is an important first step toward
understanding its function. Here, we describe the properties of three well-known N-terminal …

▪ Abstract Virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria (adhesins, toxins, invasins, protein
secretion systems, iron uptake systems, and others) may be encoded by particular regions of …

The secretory production of recombinant proteins by the Gram-negative bacterium
Escherichia coli has several advantages over intracellular production as inclusion bodies. In …

The maltose system of Escherichia coli offers an unusually rich set of enzymes, transporters,
and regulators as objects of study. This system is responsible for the uptake and metabolism …

The many advantages of Escherichia coli have ensured that it remains a valuable host for
the efficient, cost-effective and high-level production of heterologous proteins. Here, we …

Several bacterial pathogens utilize conjugation machines to export effector molecules
during infection. Such systems are members of the type IV or 'adapted conjugation'secretion …

Extracellular secretion of proteins is regarded as a major virulence mechanism in bacterial
infection. Proteins destined for the extracellular environment of gram-negative bacteria have …

Protein secretion is a basic cellular function found in organisms of all kingdoms of life. Gram-
negative bacteria have evolved a remarkable number of pathways for the transport of …