Integrating the effects of multiple stressors and predicting their consequences for the
species' survival and distribution is an important problem in ecological physiology. This …

Elevations in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are anticipated to acidify oceans because
of fundamental changes in ocean chemistry created by CO2 absorption from the …

Over the past decades, three major challenges to marine life have emerged as a
consequence of anthropogenic emissions: ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss …

The temporal link between large igneous province (LIP) eruptions and at least half of the
major extinctions of the Phanerozoic implies that large scale volcanism is the main driver of …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Energy balance is a fundamental requirement of stress adaptation and tolerance. We
explore the links between metabolism, energy balance and stress tolerance using aquatic …

Over the next century, elevated quantities of atmospheric CO 2 are expected to penetrate
into the oceans, causing a reduction in pH (− 0.3/− 0.4 pH unit in the surface ocean) and in …

Anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans, causing a
progressive increase in ocean inorganic carbon concentrations and resulting in decreased …

With the occurrence of global change, research aimed at estimating the performance of
marine ectotherms in a warmer and acidified future has intensified. The concept of oxygen …

It is essential to predict the impact of elevated P co2 on marine organisms and habitats to
anticipate the severity and consequences of future ocean chemistry change. Despite the …