Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host
stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet …

Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those
that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for …

The population of small, close-in exoplanets is bifurcated into super-Earths and sub-
Neptunes. We calculate physically motivated mass–radius relations for sub-Neptunes, with …

Abstract In 2017, the California-Kepler Survey (CKS) published its first data release (DR1) of
high-resolution optical spectra of 1305 planet hosts. Refined CKS planet radii revealed that …

The population of planets smaller than approximately 1.7 Earth radii (R⊕) is widely
interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture …

There are no planets intermediate in size between Earth and Neptune in our Solar System,
yet these objects are found around a substantial fraction of other stars. Population statistics …

The existence of a radius valley in the Kepler size distribution stands as one of the most
important observational constraints to understand the origin and composition of exoplanets …

Studies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on
exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using the …

Earth's water, intrinsic oxidation state and metal core density are fundamental chemical
features of our planet. Studies of exoplanets provide a useful context for elucidating the …