Climate change is adversely affecting the burden of infectious disease throughout the world,
which is a health security threat. Climate-sensitive infectious disease includes vector-borne …

Leishmania is a genus of parasitic protozoa that causes a disease called leishmaniasis.
Leishmaniasis is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female sandflies. There …

Background The recent geographical expansion of phlebotomine vectors of Leishmania
infantum in the Mediterranean subregion has been attributed to ongoing climate changes. At …

Infection with Leishmania parasites can lead to severe disease in humans and dogs, which
act as a reservoir in zoonotic transmission. An increasing number of reports suggest that …

Background Aedes albopictus is an invasive species which continues expanding its
geographic range and involvement in mosquito-borne diseases such as chikungunya and …

Xenodiagnosis has previously proved that hares (Lepus granatensis) from a focus of
leishmaniasis in the southwestern Madrid region (Spain) are infective to Phlebotomus …

Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) in Europe,
where it is endemic in the Mediterranean region, with dogs being considered the major …

Abstract Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are vectors of human and animal
pathogens, including Leishmania species protozoan parasites and viruses of the genus …

Visceral leishmaniasis is hypoendemic in Mediterranean countries, where it is caused by the
flagellate protozoan Leishmania infantum. VL cases in this area account for 5%–6% of the …

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne zoonotic disease endemic
in southern Europe, but which is spreading northwards. Millions of dogs, cats and other non …