Land surface temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter that reflects land–atmosphere
interaction and has thus attracted wide interest from geoscientists. Owing to the rapid …

Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

We present the second update to a data set of gridded land‐based temperature and
precipitation extremes indices: HadEX3. This consists of 17 temperature and 12 precipitation …

Estimates of global economic damage from climate change assess the effect of annual
temperature changes. However, the roles of precipitation, temperature variability and …

A record 500,000 hectares burned in Portugal during the extreme wildfire season of 2017,
with more than 120 human lives lost. Here we analyse the climatic factors responsible for the …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been observed around the world and are expected to
increase in intensity and frequency under anthropogenic climate change. A variety of …

Hydroclimatic extremes such as intense rainfall, floods, droughts, heatwaves, and wind or
storms have devastating effects each year. One of the key challenges for society is …

Environmental phenomena are often observed first, and then explained quantitatively. The
complexity of processes, the range of scales involved, and the lack of first principles make it …

Compared to individual hot days/nights, compound hot extremes that combine daytime and
nighttime heat are more impactful. However, past and future changes in compound hot …

Heatwaves impose serious impacts on ecosystems, human health, agriculture, and energy
consumption. Previous studies have classified heatwaves into independent daytime …