Periodontitis, or gum disease, affects millions of people each year. Although it is associated
with a defined microbial composition found on the surface of the tooth and tooth root, the …

▪ Abstract The heparan sulfate on the surface of all adherent cells modulates the actions of a
large number of extracellular ligands. Members of both cell surface heparan sulfate …

Wastewater Microbiology focuses on microbial contaminants found in wastewater, methods
of detection for these contaminants, and methods of cleansing water of microbial …

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen of humans and has developed an
extensive repertoire of putative virulence mechanisms that allows successful colonization …

Although Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcosis have existed for several millennia, a
century has passed since the discovery of this encapsulated yeast and its devastating …

Bacterial pathogens employ a number of genetic strategies to cause infection and,
occasionally, disease in their hosts. Many of these virulence factors and their regulatory …

▪ Abstract It has been a decade since multicellularity was proposed as a general bacterial
trait. Intercellular communication and multicellular coordination are now known to be …

The effect of the natural bee product propolis on the physiology of microorganisms was
investigated using B. subtilis, E. coli and R. sphaeroides. An ethanolic extract of propolis had …

While classical studies on host-parasite interactions have considered a “virulence factor” to
be a molecule (s) that exerts a detrimental effect (that is, toxin) on a host cell, recent …

Acute apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection
of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical …