Sudden beaching of huge seaweed masses smother the coastline and form rotting piles on
the shore. The number of reports of these events in previously unaffected areas has …

Estuaries and coastal seas provide valuable ecosystem services but are particularly
vulnerable to the co‐occurring threats of climate change and oxygen‐depleted dead zones …

Macroalgal blooms are produced by nutrient enrichment of estuaries in which the sea floor
lies within the photic zone. We review features of macroalgal blooms pointed out in recent …

Hypoxia is a well-described phenomenon in the offshore waters of the Baltic Sea with both
the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia known to have increased due to anthropogenic …

There is increasing interest in the use of marine algae as functional food additives for
improving human health. Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera (E. prolifera) is a seaweed green …

The earliest evolution of the animals remains a taxing biological problem, as all extant
clades are highly derived and the fossil record is not usually considered to be helpful. The …

Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess
nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over …

Under globally accelerating rates of ecosystem degradation, maintaining ecosystem function
is a priority to avoid loss of valuable ecosystem services. Two factors are important: changes …

Size is a fundamental organismal trait and an important driver of ecosystem functions.
Although large individuals may dominate some functions and provide important habitat …

In many coastal areas, marine ecosystems have shifted into contrasting states having
reduced ecosystem services (hereafter called degraded). Such degraded ecosystems may …