Lithium niobate (LN), first synthesized 70 years ago, has been widely used in diverse
applications ranging from communications to quantum optics. These high-volume …

Optical frequency combs offer an unrivalled degree of frequency measurement precision
that underpins the advance of modern technology in both fundamental science and …

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers revolutionized long-haul optical communications and laser
technology. Erbium ions could provide a basis for efficient optical amplification in photonic …

Photonic integrated circuits are widely used in applications such as telecommunications and
data-centre interconnects,,,–. However, in optical systems such as microwave synthesizers …

Photonic integrated circuits have the potential to pervade into multiple applications
traditionally limited to bulk optics. Of particular interest for new applications are ferroelectrics …

A general-purpose photonic processor can be built integrating a silicon photonic
programmable core in a technology stack comprising an electronic monitoring and …

Microcombs have sparked a surge of applications over the past decade, ranging from optical
communications to metrology,,–. Despite their diverse deployment, most microcomb-based …

Graphene photodetectors have exhibited high bandwidth and capability of being integrated
with silicon photonics (SiPh), holding promise for future optical communication devices …

The global quantum internet will require long-lived, telecommunications-band photon–
matter interfaces manufactured at scale. Preliminary quantum networks based on photon …

Abstract Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have been used widely in constructing
photodetectors (PDs) because of their advantages in flexible integration and ultrabroad …