Orthopairs (pairs of disjoint sets) have points in common with many approaches to
managing vaguness/uncertainty such as fuzzy sets, rough sets, soft sets, etc. Indeed, they …

Many models of uncertain knowledge have been designed that combine expanded views of
fuzziness (expressions of partial memberships) with parameterization (multiple subsethood …

In this paper, we initiate the novel concept of complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups and
prove that every complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup generates two intuitionistic fuzzy …

Zadeh conceptualized the theory of fuzzy set to provide a tool for the basis of the theory of
possibility. Atanassov extended this theory with the introduction of intuitionistic fuzzy set …

A useful tool for expressing fuzziness and uncertainty is the recently developed n, m-rung
orthopair fuzzy set (n, m-ROFS). Due to their superior ability to manage uncertain situations …

A complex fuzzy set is a vigorous framework to characterize novel machine learning
algorithms. This set is more suitable and flexible compared to fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy …

In this manuscript, we establish the notion of neutrosophic rectangular extended b-metric
spaces and derive some fixed point results for contraction map**s. Also, we provide …

This study discusses the use of t-neutrosophic graphs to express and understand complex
interactions. It also shows how these graphs might manage intricate relationships with a …

A complex picture fuzzy set (Com-PFS) is a motivating tool for more precisely interpreting
fuzzy notions. Recently, all extensions of complex fuzzy graphs (Com-FGs) have become a …

Fuzzy graphs (FGs) can play a useful role in natural and human-made structures, including
process dynamics in physical, biological, and social systems. Since issues in everyday life …