The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has a near-ubiquitous presence in the
neuroscience of cognitive control. It has been implicated in a diversity of functions, from …

Unexpected events are part of everyday experience. They come in several varieties—action
errors, unexpected action outcomes, and unexpected perceptual events—and they lead to …

People who take on challenges and persevere longer are more likely to succeed in life. But
individuals often avoid exerting effort, and there is limited experimental research …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

Maintaining attention for more than a few seconds is essential for mastering everyday life.
Yet, our ability to stay focused on a particular task is limited, resulting in well-known …

Abstract Thinking about what might have been—counterfactual thinking—is a common
feature of the mental landscape. Key questions about counterfactual thinking center on why …

Cognition is organized in a structured series of attentional episodes, allowing complex
problems to be addressed through solution of simpler subproblems. A" multiple …

Cognitive control theory suggests that goal-directed behavior is governed by a dynamic
interplay between areas of the prefrontal cortex. Critical to cognitive control is the detection …

Demonstrations that grip strength has predictive power in relation to a range of health
conditions—even when these are assessed decades later—has motivated claims that hand …

Successful goal-directed behavior critically depends on performance monitoring, a set of
cognitive and affective functions determining whether adaptive control is needed and, if so …