Surveys are an essential approach for eliciting otherwise invisible factors such as
perceptions, knowledge and beliefs, attitudes, and reasoning. These factors are critical …

Households' and firms' subjective inflation expectations play a central role in
macroeconomic and intertemporal microeconomic models. We discuss how subjective …

Abstract Information provision experiments allow researchers to test economic theories and
answer policy-relevant questions by varying the information set available to respondents …

Using randomized control trials (RCTs) applied over time in different countries, we study
whether the economic environment affects how agents learn from new information. We show …

We provide evidence on narratives about the macroeconomy-the stories people tell to
explain macroeconomic phenomena-in the context of a historic surge in inflation. In surveys …

We study people's subjective models of the macroeconomy and shed light on their
attentional foundations. To do so, we measure beliefs about the effects of macroeconomic …

Binding lower bounds on interest rates and large government deficits limit the scope of fiscal
and monetary policies to stimulate households' spending through financial intermediaries …

The financial motivation to earn advertising revenue has been widely conjectured to be
pivotal for the production of online misinformation,,–. Research aimed at mitigating …

How did optimism or pessimism about the duration of shutdowns during the COVID-19
pandemic affect firms' business outlook and behavior? In a large panel of German firms, we …

This paper studies how managers plan under uncertainty. In a new survey panel on German
manufacturing firms, we show that uncertainty reflects change: Planning incorporates higher …