Outbreaks of environmentally transmitted parasites require that susceptible hosts encounter
transmission stages in the environment and become infected, but we also know that …

Infection outcomes can be strongly context dependent, shifting a host-symbiont relationship
along a parasitism-mutualism continuum. Numerous studies show that under stressful …

Environmentally transmitted parasites spend time in the abiotic environment, where they are
subjected to a variety of stressors. Learning how they face this challenge is essential if we …

Myriad ecological and evolutionary factors can influence whether a particular parasite
successfully transmits to a new host during a disease outbreak, with consequences for the …

The impacts of microsporidia on host individuals are frequently subtle and can be context
dependent. A key example of the latter comes from a recently discovered microsporidian …

Transmission from one host to another is a crucial component of parasite fitness. For some
aquatic parasites, transmission occurs via a free‐living stage that spends time in the water …

Environmentally transmitted parasites produce transmission stages that can remain viable
and infective for extended periods of time in the environment where susceptible hosts may …

Climate change is altering light regimes in lakes, which should impact disease outbreaks,
since sunlight can harm aquatic pathogens. However, some bacterial endospores are …

Biological rhythms mediate important within‐host processes such as metabolism, immunity,
and behavior which are often linked to combating disease exposure. For many hosts …

Most parasite species infect multiple host species, and reciprocally, most hosts are infected
by multiple parasites. This leads to complex webs of interactions that influence disease …