Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH 4) budget is important for assessing
realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of …

Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost
ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Gas hydrates have received considerable attention due to their important role in flow
assurance for the oil and gas industry, their extensive natural occurrence on Earth and …

Large quantities of organic carbon are stored in frozen soils (permafrost) within Arctic and
sub-Arctic regions. A warming climate can induce environmental changes that accelerate …

The global methane (CH 4) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for
managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter …

Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally‐occurring, and highly‐concentrated form of methane,
sequesters significant carbon in the global system and is stable only over a range of low …

Methane (CH4) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a
warming climate, yet current CH4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH4 emissions, have …

Atmospheric methane plays a major role in controlling climate, yet contemporary methane
trends (1982–2017) have defied explanation with numerous, often conflicting, hypotheses …