In this review, the clinical features of Parkinson's disease, both motor and non‐motor, are
described in the context of the progression of the disease. Also briefly discussed are the …

Gradual degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, pars
compacta and subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in striatum are associated with …

Background The dystonias include a clinically and etiologically very diverse group of
disorders. There are both degenerative and non-degenerative subtypes resulting from …

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary twisting movements and
postures. There are many different clinical manifestations, and many different causes. The …

Compared to other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) is distinctive in
terms of marked symptomatic variability and prognosis, as well as for the wide variety of …

The dystonias are a group of disorders characterized by excessive involuntary muscle
contractions leading to abnormal postures and/or repetitive movements. There are many …

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parkinson disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that
affects millions of people worldwide. Important advances in the treatment, etiology, and the …

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been controlled with levodopa for many years;
however, motor complications consisting of wearing off of medication effect and dyskinesias …

The most common forms of dystonia are those that develop in adults and affect a relatively
isolated region of the body. Although these adult‐onset focal dystonias are most prevalent …

Pain and other nonmotor symptoms in PD are increasingly recognized as a major cause of
reduced health‐related quality of life. Pain in PD may be categorized into a number of …