The notion that men are more variable than women has become embedded into scientific
thinking. For mental traits like personality, greater male variability has been partly attributed …

In species with genetic sex-determination, the chromosomes carrying the sex-determining
genes have often evolved non-recombining regions and subsequently evolved the full set of …

Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of
chromosomes. The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination …

I review theoretical models for the evolution of supergenes in the cases of B atesian mimicry
in butterflies, distylous plants and sex chromosomes. For each of these systems, I outline the …

It is often stated that polymorphisms for mutations affecting fitness of males and females in
opposite directions [sexually antagonistic (SA) polymorphisms] are the main selective force …

Once recombination is halted between the X and Y chromosomes, sex chromosomes begin
to differentiate and transition to heteromorphism. While there is a remarkable variation …

In addition to initial sex determination, genes on the sex chromosomes are theorized to play
a particularly important role in phenotypic differences between males and females. Sex …

Male-female differences in many developmental mechanisms lead to the formation of two
morphologically and physiologically distinct sexes. Although this is expected for traits with …

Background Sexually dimorphic phenotypes are generally associated with differential gene
expression between the sexes. The study of molecular evolution and genomic location of …

Assessing variation in animal coloration is difficult, as animals differ in their visual system
properties. This has led some to propose that human vision can never be used to evaluate …