Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species
that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth's biodiversity and …

Supercontinents signify self-organization in plate tectonics. Over the past~ 2 billion years,
three major supercontinents have been identified, with increasing age: Pangaea, Rodinia …

One great challenge in understanding the history of life is resolving the influence of
environmental change on biodiversity. Simulated annealing and genetic algorithms were …

New palaeogeographical reconstructions for the earlier Ordovician (480 Ma), and later
Ordovician (450 Ma) integrate revised longitude-calibrated palaeomagnetic reconstructions …

Sea levels shape the face of the Earth, define processes of sedimentation, and influence the
evolution of life via the distribution of habitats. Ancient topographies can be reconstructed …

Abstract The Cambrian 'Explosion', located by many authors between 540 and 520 million
years ago (Ma), is considered to be an abrupt appearance in the fossil record of most animal …

The long-term diversification of the biosphere responds to changes in the physical
environment. Yet, over the continents, the nearly monotonic expansion of life started later in …

The greatest relative changes in marine biodiversity accumulation occurred during the Early
Paleozoic. The precision of temporal constraints on these changes is crude, hampering our …

The fossil record is the primary source of information on how biodiversity has varied in deep
time, providing unique insight on the long-term dynamics of diversification and their drivers …

Abstract The Ordovician Period records an extraordinary biodiversity increase known as the
Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), which coincided with a series of …