Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer
membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular …

Extracellular vesicles are released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluids.
They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain a specific composition of proteins, lipids,
RNA, and DNA. They are derived from endocytic membranes and can transfer signals to …

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as
proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They …

Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles released into surrounding body fluids upon fusion of
multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. They were shown to carry cell-specific …

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of
organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress …

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent used to treat solid tumours, such as
ovarian, head and neck, and testicular germ cell. A known complication of cisplatin …

Urine is a valuable diagnostic medium and, with the discovery of urinary extracellular
vesicles, is viewed as a dynamic bioactive fluid. Extracellular vesicles are lipid-enclosed …

Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membrane particles ranging from 30 to 5,000 nm in
size, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. They are released under …

Exosomes are 30–120 nm endocytic membrane‐derived vesicles that participate in cell‐to‐
cell communication and protein and RNA delivery. Exosomes harbor a variety of proteins …