Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures,
which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft …

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal
bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical …

Polymer materials provide solutions to some of the most pressing environmental,
manufacturing and health-care challenges. Traditional thermoplastic and thermoset …

Owing to their unique chemical and physical properties, hydrogels are attracting increasing
attention in both basic and translational biomedical studies. Although the classical hydrogels …

Self-healing soft electronic and robotic devices can, like human skin, recover autonomously
from damage. While current devices use a single type of dynamic polymer for all functional …

Polymer networks built out of dynamic covalent bonds offer the potential to translate the
control and tunability of chemical reactions to macroscopic physical properties. Under …

Supramolecular polymer networks are non-covalently crosslinked soft materials that exhibit
unique mechanical features such as self-healing, high toughness and stretchability …

Conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with graphite anodes are approaching their
theoretical limitations in energy density. Replacing the conventional graphite anodes with …

Supramolecular binding motifs are increasingly employed in the design of biomaterials. The
ability to rationally engineer specific yet reversible associations into polymer networks with …