Stress constitutes a state of threatened homeostasis triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic
adverse forces (stressors) and is counteracted by an intricate repertoire of physiologic and …

▪ Abstract The stress response is subserved by the stress system, which is located both in
the central nervous system and the periphery. The principal effectors of the stress system …

Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of
the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an …

Objective: We developed clinical practice guidelines for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
(CAH). Participants: The Task Force included a chair, selected by The Endocrine Society …

Since its introduction almost 20 years ago, the tail suspension test has become one of the
most widely used models for assessing antidepressant-like activity in mice. The test is based …

ContextEvidence suggests that early adverse experiences play a preeminent role in
development of mood and anxiety disorders and that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) …

Since corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was first characterized, a growing family of ligands
and receptors has evolved. The mammalian family members include CRF, urocortinI (UcnI) …

The central nervous system (CNS) regulates innate immune responses through hormonal
and neuronal routes. The neuroendocrine stress response and the sympathetic and …

Exposure to hostile conditions initiates responses organized to enhance the probability of
survival. These coordinated responses, known as stress responses, are composed of …

Despite marked advances in stress research, confusion as to what stress is continues in the
1990s. Thus, it may be of benefit to briefly mention the definitions of four key concepts …