For decades, avian endocrinology has been informed by male perspectives and male-
focused research, leaving significant gaps in our understanding of female birds. Male birds …

In seasonally breeding animals, the costs and benefits of territorial aggression should vary
over time; however, little work thus far has directly examined the scope and adaptive value …

Experimentally elevated testosterone (T) often leads to enhanced aggression, with
examples across many different species, including both males and females. Indeed, the …

Aggressive behavior is ubiquitous across many contexts, including defense of territories,
mates, and offspring. For decades, researchers have detailed the effect of aggressive …

Territorial competition can stimulate secretion of testosterone (T), which is thought to act on
neural circuits of aggression to promote further aggression. Here, we test the hypothesis that …

The ovary plays an important role in mediating both a female's response to her social
environment and communicating it to her develo** offspring via maternal effects. Past …

Offspring from females breeding in competitive social environments are often exposed to
more testosterone (T) during embryonic development, which can affect traits from growth to …

The social environment that individuals experience appears to be a particularly salient
mediator of stress resilience, as the nature and valence of social interactions are often …

Competitive interactions often occur in series; therefore animals may respond to social
challenges in ways that prepare them for success in future conflict. Changes in the …