Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible
coronavirus responsible for the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has …

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) testing are commonly used to
determine infection status. Typically, the detection of IgM indicates an acute or recent …

Avidity is defined as the binding strength of immunoglobulin G (IgG) toward its target
epitope. Avidity is directly related to affinity, as both processes are determined by the best fit …

The BNT162b2 vaccine, containing lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding the full-
length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, has been employed to immunize health care workers …

Patients on dialysis are at risk of severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the
neutralizing activity and coverage of SARS-CoV-2 variants of vaccine-elicited antibodies is …

Although COVID-19 vaccines have recently been approved for emergency use, search for
new vaccines are still urgent, since the access of the countries, especially the poorest, to the …

The avidity index (AI) of IgG to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 was determined for 71 patients with
a mild (outpatient) course of COVID-19, including 39 primarily and 36 secondarily reinfected …

Background The number of exposures to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) and to vaccine antigens affect the magnitude and avidity of the polyclonal …

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are a critical part of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
research as they are used to gain insight into the immune response to severe acute …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 sparked intensive research into the
development of effective vaccines, 50 of which have been approved thus far, including the …